肥厚性 心肌病

迹象 & 症状

肥厚性心肌病(HCM)患者可能有以下症状

• 呼吸急促（气促）
• 胸痛或不适
• 晕倒
• 心悸:感觉心脏跳动的感觉
• 头晕

少数HCM患者会遭受最严重的并发症, 包括猝死, 心力衰竭和中风. 值得注意的是，HCM的严重程度范围很广. Some people may not experience 症状 and may have normal heart evaluations well into adulthood. 其他人可能在年轻时出现严重的并发症, 包括心力衰竭或心源性猝死. It is difficult to predict whether an individual will have a mild form of HCM or a more severe form. HCM can be a major cause of death in young athletes who appear healthy but die during intense exercise.

诊断

诊断 of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) requires a thorough cardiology and genetics evaluation. 完整的病史包括家族病史. 然后会做身体检查. This includes listening to the heart and lungs with a stethoscope to check for any abnormal heart sounds or murmurs. The pulse in both your arms and neck will be checked and the doctor may feel for an abnormal heart beat in the chest.

Additional tests to diagnose cardiomyopathy typically include echocardiography and electrocardiogram (ECG). 可能还需要进一步的检测, 包括基因测试, 心脏核磁共振, 运动压力测试, 监测异常心律和心导管. 除了做出准确的诊断, these tests are invaluable in determining severity and guiding disease management.

家庭关系

如果患者被诊断为肥厚性心肌病(HCM), it is important that their immediate family members be screened for the condition as well, 因为HCM可以在家族中遗传. They should be evaluated and then followed and re-checked every few years by a cardiologist.

HCM是由帮助构建心脏肌肉的基因变化引起的. 基因检测可以帮助确定家庭成员是否会患上HCM. Once genetic testing has identified the genetic mutation causing HCM in a family, other family members can be tested for that same genetic mutation to see if they also inherited it.

If genetic testing shows that they do carry the genetic mutation that causes HCM in the family then they are at increased risk for developing the 症状 and changes in the heart that are associated with HCM. 这些知识可以帮助他们做出选择来保持健康, 比如避免剧烈运动, 哪些会使HCM恶化, 并寻求心脏病专家的定期护理, who may prescribe specific medications or arrange for a pacemaker or defibrillator to be implanted.

If a relative of a person with a cardiomyopathy has genetic testing and is found not to carry the genetic mutation for HCM, 这样就不需要心脏病专家来跟进了. 这可以减轻很多压力和担忧.

治疗

Treating hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) depends on the presence and severity of a patient's 症状, 病人的心脏是如何运作的, if a patient is suffering from abnormal heart rhythms and a patient's age and activity level. 治疗范围从药物到手术或消融. Treatment of abnormal heart rhythms may include surgically implanting a pacemaker or an implantable cardioverter defibrillator into the patient. 在罕见的严重心力衰竭病例中，可能需要进行心脏移植.